mbustion due to residual charge remaining after discharge. View of the engine crankcase from the right side of the vehicle. According to the explanation at the booth, this machine uses lean combustion, and the sensor attached to the exhaust pipe is the type that reads the air-fuel ratio rather than λ=1. The configuration of the purification device, such as the catalyst position, could not be confirmed, but it is believed to be under development....

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2026/03/11

rt from a BEV platform as the basis (right) instead of the current method of using two different platforms (left)   FEV is developing Dedicated Hybrid Engines (DHEs) with an efficiency of up to 45 %, which will soon go into series production. Further generations with up to 50 % peak efficiency at λ= 1 are currently in development. Studies on vehicles in the A to D segments and in the van segment showed that P2 hybrids actually have a small adv...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2026/01/19

Hydrogen Engine Development Trends Initiatives by Japanese and European companies Summary History of hydrogen engine development and latest technology trends Selection of the excess air ratio λ Inspection of abnormal combustion Consideration of fuel supply method (Pi / Di selection, water injection) Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan - Presentations on hydrogen utilization   Hydrogen engines are already in practical use because engine tec...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2025/09/01

gasoline switching, air-fuel ratio 1 ↔ 2 or more switching control 6.0L V12 191kW/5100rpm 390Nm/4300rpm Liquid hydrogen 170L and gasoline 74L Vacuum typethermal insulation Source: Created by MarkLines based on manufacturer announcements   Major features:   * Operation is controlled to select λ (Lambda, the ratio of actual air/fuel ratio to stoichiometric air/fuel ratio) as 1 or greater than 2 to avoid the region of high NOx generation. (S...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2023/08/03

only one injector for PFI or DI fuel delivery and a conventional exhaust aftertreatment system are required. The pre-chamber carries only the spark plug and is filled with mixture from the main combustion chamber during the compression phase. Designed for operation under stoichiometric conditions (λ=1) recirculated exhaust gas (EGR) is used for mixture dilution. In the system demonstrator also a high geometric compression ratio and Miller cycle...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2020/11/20

ype, and the turbine case is formed integrally with the exhaust manifold. In this turbocharger, the wastegate is electronically controlled, especially to improve low-speed torque, response and warm-up. As a result, the maximum torque is generated from a low speed (1,350 rpm), the operating range of λ = 1 in the supercharging region is expanded, and driving performance and fuel economy are improved. Fig 3.8.1 Turbocharger   Intake mani...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2020/03/13

stantially lean mixture in the main chamber. It combines the rapid combustion characteristics of stoichiometric combustion and the low fuel consumption characteristics of lean burn, resulting in low fuel consumption and low emissions. Although under development, a prechamber air-fuel ratio of 23:1 (λ=1.5), a main chamber air-fuel ratio of 36:1 (λ=2.4),  and an overall air-fuel ratio of 35 is feasible, achieving an effective maximum heat effici...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2020/03/03

thermal efficiency of not 45% but greater than 50%.   History of efficiency improvements in hybrid engines   As of 2018, the maximum thermal efficiency was at the 40% level with PHEV and EGR, and until 2022 the maximum thermal efficiency will improve to the high 40% range with the transition from λ(excess air ratio) =1 to lean burn. On a simulation of a single cylinder engine, at λ= 2 combined with an ideal turbocharger, the maximum thermal e...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2019/07/22

turbocharger wastegate is operated by an electrical actuator that has been specifically optimized for low-end torque and with improved transient response characteristics. As a result, a maximum torque of 250Nm at 1500rpm is achieved, with a response time of 2.5s to maximum torque. Furthermore, the λ＝1 operating region is expanded to the turbocharging region, thereby improving fuel economy.   Intake manifold Intake manifold with built-i...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2019/03/20

ε: (Compression ratio) κ: (Specific heat ratio) To increase the specific heat ratio, Increase the ratio of air to fuel = lean burn Lower the combustion temperature   How lean should it be? If fuel consumption is to be significantly improved, it is desired to use air-fuel ratio of more than 30 (λ>2). (λ: Excess air ratio) ↓However, with only spark ignition, the flame does not propagate, and therefore fuel does not burn →Is it possib...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2018/02/28

tra-lean engine burn when a super lean air-fuel mixture is ignited by compression ignition (CI) under a sufficiently high compression ratio, which tends to generate subtle knocking. A super lean air-fuel mixture will have an air-fuel equivalence ratio of at least double stoichiometric levels, i.e. λ > 2.0. Issues associated with HCCI combustion Issues associated with HCCI combustion are shown in Fig. 2.1.2 and Fig. 2.1.3. Fig. 2.1.2 is used he...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2017/12/14

io University Graduate School)   In June 2016, the Gasoline Combustion Team achieved an indicated thermal efficiency of 45% for a single-cylinder engine. The figure is 4 points above the highest thermal efficiency (41%) of gasoline engines that are currently mass-produced. An excess air factor λ as lean as 1.89 was achieved in the air-fuel mixture of the engine (traditional excess air factor λ = 1.0). This is called super lean burn. Increa...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2016/11/25

ratio to 20 to 30, and halving the cylinder wall cooling loss from the existing SKYACTIV engines.   [Roadmap to improved thermal efficiency] Light load: 2000rpm-IMEP290kPa Present Step 1 2 3 4 Combustion period Gasoline 75deg 30deg ← ← ← Diesel 40deg Specific heat ratio Gasoline λ=1 Homogeneous ← ← ← λ=4 Homogeneous ← Diesel λ=2.8 stratified λ=2.8 Homogeneous Compression ratio Gasoline 14 ← ← ← ← 20 30 ...

Market & Tech Reports  Updated at: 2016/02/17